A peace deal in the Ukraine conflict could allow American companies to come back, Steve Witkoff has said US companies would be able to return to do business in Russia in the…
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“Three Years And Five-To-Ten Years On” – Markets Still Don’t Grasp How Much The World Has Changed
“Three Years And Five-To-Ten Years On” – Markets Still Don’t Grasp How Much The World Has Changed By Michael Every of Rabobank Three Years And Five-To-Ten Years On Three years ago today,…
Russia doesn’t understand Trump’s Ukraine ‘peace plan’ – deputy FM
Moscow has lauded Washington’s willingness to push for a ceasefire, but any agreement must be based on long-term solutions, Ryabkov has said Russia has not gained clarity regarding the US peace plan…
USAID Endgame: Trump Firing 2,000 Employees, Putting Most Others On Leave
USAID Endgame: Trump Firing 2,000 Employees, Putting Most Others On Leave Given a green light by a federal judge to plunge ahead with a sweeping federal layoff campaign, the Trump administration on…
Google must pay South African media over $27mn annually – committee
A local investigation has found a “definite” bias in the search engine’s algorithm, which disadvantages the country’s news agencies Google should pay South African media houses between R300 to 500 million annually…
Apple Goes MAGA: $500 Billion Investment Plan In America, 20,000 New Jobs
Apple Goes MAGA: $500 Billion Investment Plan In America, 20,000 New Jobs The latest onshoring trend, spurred by President Donald Trump’s tariffs on Chinese imports, has led to a major announcement from…
When Markets Misbehave
When Markets Misbehave Authored by Charles Hugh Smith via OfTwoMinds blog, When Benoit Mandelbrot’s book The (Mis)behavior of Markets was published in 2004, it was a revelation for many of us. I remember sitting in…
EU spending on Russian LNG imports quadruples – data
The cost of liquified natural gas purchases for the bloc has risen substantially in three years, according to Eurostat The cost of Russian liquefied natural gas (LNG) purchases for the EU has…
‘Terrorist Attack’ Rocks Russian Consulate In France On 3-Year Ukraine War Mark
‘Terrorist Attack’ Rocks Russian Consulate In France On 3-Year Ukraine War Mark A suspected terror attack has taken place against the Russian consulate in the French city of Marseille on Monday, Foreign…
US adopting ‘Russian narrative’ – EU’s Kallas
The bloc’s foreign policy chief plans to “support Ukraine right now more than ever” while Moscow and Washington negotiate Washington has fallen for “Russia’s narrative,” EU foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas said…
Ex-Hezbollah leader is buried in Lebanon. What’s next?
A report from Beirut, where the funeral of the militant group’s former Secretary-General Hassan Nasrallah took place on Sunday Over the past ten years, I’ve made regular trips to Lebanon and have…
China’s Xi backs Russia on Ukraine peace efforts – Kremlin
Moscow-Beijing “foreign policy tandem serves as a factor of stabilization in world affairs,” the statement reads Russian President Vladimir Putin has told his Chinese counterpart, Xi Jinping, about Moscow’s latest contacts with…
Futures Rebound From Biggest Drop Of 2025
Futures Rebound From Biggest Drop Of 2025 US equity futures are higher, European bourses are mixed and Asian market are red following the worst session of the year for US stocks, as…
Illegal Aliens Loot US Trains In Mojave Desert For High-Value Nike Sneakers
Illegal Aliens Loot US Trains In Mojave Desert For High-Value Nike Sneakers Organized criminal gangs have carried out a series of sophisticated train heists targeting BNSF freight trains in the Mojave Desert…
DC Mayor Bowser Rejects Trump’s Suggestion That Federal Government Take Over The City
DC Mayor Bowser Rejects Trump’s Suggestion That Federal Government Take Over The City Authored by Stacy Robinson via The Epoch Times (emphasis ours), Washington Mayor Muriel Bowser spoke out on Feb. 20…
Three years in the trenches: From ‘Russia’s losing’ to ‘Ukraine is done for’?
After 36 months of active fighting, navigating retreats, counterattacks, and protracted assaults, Russia has gained the initiative Exactly three years ago, Russian troops entered Ukraine with the aim of forcing Kiev to…
Paramilitaries announce “government of peace and unity” in war-torn African state
The move comes just weeks after the chief of Sudan’s state army announced plans to establish a “wartime” administration The Sudanese paramilitary group, Rapid Support Forces (RSF), which is involved in a…
Musk Warns Fed Workers – Return To Office Or Be Placed On Leave
Musk Warns Fed Workers – Return To Office Or Be Placed On Leave The Department of Government Efficiency’s Elon Musk wrote on X early Monday that starting this week, federal workers who fail to return…
EU’s chief diplomat backs Zelensky’s refusal to hold elections
Although the Ukrainian leader’s term ended last May, Kaja Kallas says there is “no need” for a vote while the conflict continues The EU’s top diplomat Kaja Kallas has announced that…
Trump officials push back against Musk initiative – media
Cabinet-level officials have reportedly instructed their departments to disregard a request for an activity report An instruction by Elon Musk, US President Donald Trump’s government efficiency czar, for federal workers to summarize…
Store Closures Outpace Openings Amid “Historic Shift” To Service-Based Tenants
Store Closures Outpace Openings Amid “Historic Shift” To Service-Based Tenants By Nate Selesline of RetailDive As closures accelerate, service-based tenants are expected to lease more retail space in the coming year than…
Xi & Putin Hold Call On Ukraine War Anniversary Amid Signs Of Peace Talks
Xi & Putin Hold Call On Ukraine War Anniversary Amid Signs Of Peace Talks Chinese President Xi Jinping spoke with Russian President Vladimir Putin by phone on Monday, according to Chinese state…
How Health Savings Accounts Can Aid Your Retirement Planning
How Health Savings Accounts Can Aid Your Retirement Planning Though their name advertises a principal purpose, Health Savings Accounts can also be used to strengthen your retirement planning — thanks to their…
Polish president’s ‘10-minute’ meeting with Trump ignites controversy
Andrzej Duda’s chief of staff has insisted there was no shame in waiting for “our greatest ally” The office of Polish President Andrzej Duda has rebuffed criticism of his meeting with US…
‘Facts will come out’ – New Delhi on USAID funding voter turnout
Indian Foreign Minister S. Jaishankar has responded to allegations of foreign interference after Donald Trump flagged alleged funding for the country’s elections India’s External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar has expressed concerns about…
‘Terrorist attack’ at Russian consulate: LIVE UPDATES
Police, firefighters and bomb squads are working at the site of an explosion at Moscow’s diplomatic mission in Marseille An explosion occurred at the Russian Consulate General in the French city of…
Cocoa Slides To Multi-Month Low As Demand Destruction Fears Overshadow Tight Supplies
Cocoa Slides To Multi-Month Low As Demand Destruction Fears Overshadow Tight Supplies Cocoa futures in New York tumbled to a two-and-a-half-month low last week as demand destruction concerns continue to flourish this month,…
Trump reveals how he wants to be remembered
The US president says he seeks to leave a legacy as a “peacemaker,” rather than a “conqueror” US President Donald Trump has said he wants to be remembered by history as a…
Zelensky must negotiate – Pentagon chief
Repayment to the US through minerals is crucial for Ukraine’s future, Pete Hegseth has said Ukrainian leader Vladimir Zelensky should follow Russia’s example, which has made “great progress” in negotiations with the…
Moscow responds to Russian consulate explosion in Marseille
The incident has all the markings of a terrorist attack, Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova has said The explosion that took place at the Russian consulate in the French city of Marseille…
Global Gas Prices Surge Anticipating Summer Scramble To Refill Storage
Global Gas Prices Surge Anticipating Summer Scramble To Refill Storage By John Kemp, energy analyst and founder of JKempEnergy Spot market gas prices around the world have doubled over the last twelve…
Russia and BRICS state discuss partnership
Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov has met with his South African counterpart Ronald Lamola in Johannesburg Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov has discussed the expansion of trade and economic ties with his…
DR Congo rebels ready for ceasefire – spokesman
The M23 militants have said they are committed to talks with the African nation’s authorities to end the crisis The Democratic Republic of the Congo rebel coalition Alliance Fleuve Congo (AFC), which…
GameStop Shuttering Canadian And French Locations, Citing “High Taxes, Liberalism, Wokeness And DEI”
GameStop Shuttering Canadian And French Locations, Citing “High Taxes, Liberalism, Wokeness And DEI” GameStop Corp. announced last week it will divest its Canadian and French operations, citing political correctness in both regions…
Explosion heard near Russian consulate in France
Firefighters and police are reportedly at the scene in Marseille, according to the BFM news outlet An explosion has taken place near the Russian consulate in the French city of Marseille, the…
Russia’s top MP condemns ‘cowardly men’ who fled abroad
The State Duma speaker has denounced emigrants who “abandoned” Russia in difficult times Russian State Duma Speaker Vyacheslav Volodin has lambasted men who left the country during the Ukraine conflict as cowards who…
Trump’s realpolitik: Breaking old alliances, forging new deals
Why the US is turning its back on Western Europe and looking to Russia A year ago, if someone had told me that the United States would pressure Ukraine into paying reparations,…
Trump Policy Will Embolden Developing World To Reject Climate Agenda
Trump Policy Will Embolden Developing World To Reject Climate Agenda Authored by Vijay Jayaraj via RealClearEnergy, President Donald. J. Trump’s seismic shift in energy policy will be felt far beyond U.S. borders. His withdrawing from the…
Kash Patel Selects Dan Bongino as Deputy FBI Director
FBI Director Kash Patel has selected Dan Bongino to be the Deputy FBI Director. The position does not need senate confirmation. President Trump praised the selection on his Truth Social account [SEE…
February 24th – 2025 Presidential Politics – Trump Administration Day 36
In an effort to keep the Daily Open Thread a little more open topic we are going to start a new daily thread for “Presidential Politics”. Please use this thread to post…
Monday February 24th – Open Thread
Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed be thy Name. Thy kingdom come. THY WILL BE DONE, on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread. And…
FBI Freak Out As Dan Bongino Named Deputy Director
FBI Freak Out As Dan Bongino Named Deputy Director On Sunday evening, President Donald Trump announced that former Secret Service agent and conservative talk show host Dan Bongino will become the new…
Trump’s Overhaul Of The ATF Could Make Firearms Suppressors Easier To Purchase
Trump’s Overhaul Of The ATF Could Make Firearms Suppressors Easier To Purchase On Friday, February 7th, 2025, President Trump signed the first pro-Second Amendment Executive Order in US history – The order…
Conservatives victorious after German elections – early results
Christian Democratic Union chief Friedrich Merz will likely replace Olaf Scholz as chancellor The Christian Democratic Union (CDU) has won the snap elections in the German Bundestag, defeating Chancellor Olaf Scholz’s Social…
US ‘reformulating’ Russian policy – Waltz
Trump’s priority is to end conflicts, his national security adviser has said The US is carrying out a complete overhaul of its approach to the Ukraine conflict and relations with Russia, White…
Cyberattack Hits Maryland County That’s Home To NSA Headquarters
Cyberattack Hits Maryland County That’s Home To NSA Headquarters Anne Arundel County, Maryland—home to several federal agencies and the US Naval Academy—has been hit with a multi-day cybersecurity attack blamed on “external origin.” “The…
Britain threatens ‘largest ever’ sanctions against Russia
The UK foreign secretary has pledged to back Kiev in the “critical moment” and said London was ready to deploy peacekeepers The UK is preparing to introduce its “largest ever” sanctions package…
Maryland Democrats’ ‘Extremist’ Green Agenda Sparks Power Bill Crisis Crippling Households
Maryland Democrats’ ‘Extremist’ Green Agenda Sparks Power Bill Crisis Crippling Households Apocalyptic environmentalism by Maryland’s far-left Democratic leadership in Annapolis has plunged the state into a severe energy crisis, with power bills…
NYC Suspected Migrant Gang Members Arrested On Gun Charges, But Released On Reduced Charges
NYC Suspected Migrant Gang Members Arrested On Gun Charges, But Released On Reduced Charges Two men arrested in a Feb. 5 gun and drug raid at a New York City auto repair…
German liberal leader retires after electoral defeat
FDP chief Christian Lindner has said that he will leave active politics Christian Lindner, the leader of Germany’s pro-business Free Democratic Party, has announced that he is retiring from politics following a…
FBI Director Patel To Take Over ATF Too – Will He Burn It To The Ground?
FBI Director Patel To Take Over ATF Too – Will He Burn It To The Ground? Leftists were already apoplectic that Donald Trump managed to install firebrand Kash Patel as FBI director….
More USAID Fraud? Billions Of US Tax Dollars Are Missing From Haiti Relief Projects
More USAID Fraud? Billions Of US Tax Dollars Are Missing From Haiti Relief Projects There are those that say all government aid is a scam in one way or another, and so…
Tax-Cutting Governors Experience Growth
Tax-Cutting Governors Experience Growth Authored by Jonathan Williams & Joshua Meyer via RealClearPolicy, Americans tend to vote with their feet. Moving from one state to the next depends on which state offers…
Germany must become ‘independent’ from US – Bundestag election winner
The Trump administration is indifferent to the fate of Europe, CDU’s Friedrich Merz has said Germany must gain real independence from the US, Friedrich Merz, the projected winner of Sunday’s parliamentary elections,…
Moscow reveals format of new talks with US
The upcoming meeting will involve senior officials from various departments of the foreign services of the two countries A new meeting between Moscow and Washington is expected to take place in the…
Student Loan Borrowers Crushed By Appeals Court Ruling, Credit Scores Plunge
Student Loan Borrowers Crushed By Appeals Court Ruling, Credit Scores Plunge Authored by Mike Shedlock via MishTalk.com, The courts are busy. This one goes against Biden. Economic repercussions are significant… The New…
Ashley St. Snare? Laura Loomer Goes Scorched Earth On Musk’s Baby Mama As ‘Seduce Elon’ Text Emerges
Ashley St. Snare? Laura Loomer Goes Scorched Earth On Musk’s Baby Mama As ‘Seduce Elon’ Text Emerges Warning: Bail now on this post if you don’t give two shits about the whole…
Trump congratulates German conservatives on the election win
US President has claimed Germans are “tired of the no common sense agenda”, calling it “a great day” for the country US President Donald Trump hailed the Christian Democrats (CDU/CSU) party on…
Chilean Migrants Charged In String Of Multi-Million Dollar NFL Player Heists
Chilean Migrants Charged In String Of Multi-Million Dollar NFL Player Heists We wonder if Taylor Swift still has Travis Kelce voting Democrat… After all, it is now being reported that Chilean migrants…
Fyodor Lukyanov: Ukraine, Russia, and the West’s fatal miscalculation
This situation was always different from other Eastern European states – NATO just didn’t listen It’s always easy to feel prescient in hindsight. I recall conversations from 15 or 20 years ago…
Russian soldiers fighting for justice – Putin
The president awarded honors to distinguished servicemen in a ceremony marking Defender of the Fatherland Day Russian President Vladimir Putin on Sunday praised the country’s military and its performance in the special…
President Trump Full CPAC Speech
President Donald Trump gives the keynote speech at the conclusion of CPAC 2025. . Posted in President Trump, Uncategorized The post President Trump Full CPAC Speech appeared first on The Last Refuge.
Zelensky Says ‘Ready’ To Resign For The Sake Of Peace, NATO Membership
Zelensky Says ‘Ready’ To Resign For The Sake Of Peace, NATO Membership Speaking at the “Ukraine: The Year 2025” forum on Sunday, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky told an audience of all heads of ministries,…
DNI Tulsi Gabbard Discusses Blurred Line Between Liberty and Security
While I do not expect Mrs. Gabbard to be a heroine in defense of liberty, perhaps she will pause government weaponization and privacy destruction for a few years. In this interview, Gabbard…
President Trump Delivers “Unity Remarks” During National Governors Association Dinner
President Trump spoke to the National Governors Association Evening Dinner at the White House. This is the 5th Governors Dinner hosted by President Trump and First Lady Melania Trump. WATCH: . …
Scholz concedes defeat in German election
Germany’s opposition conservatives have won a nationwide vote, with the right-wing AFD coming in second, exit polls show German Chancellor Olaf Scholz conceded defeat on Sunday, congratulating his conservative rival Friedrich Merz,…
Putin-Trump dialogue ‘promising’ – Kremlin
Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov has said talking may clear the way for peace negotiations Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov has said described the present dialogue between Russian President Vladimir Putin and his US…
Top 10 essential memes you need to understand Russians
Each big topic last year soon turned into a meme, and each meme tells a story about modern Russians Russian memes are in a peculiar place right now. Most of them have…
House Speaker Johnson Responds To The Idea Of ‘DOGE Dividend’ Checks
House Speaker Johnson Responds To The Idea Of ‘DOGE Dividend’ Checks Authored by Jack Phillips via The Epoch Times (emphasis ours), House Speaker Mike Johnson (R-La.) on Thursday appeared cool to the…
Anti-immigration AFD in 2nd place in German elections – exit poll
According to state broadcaster ARD, the right-wing party is predicted to secure 19.5% of the vote, with the Christian-Democrats coming out on top with 29% The right-wing Alternative for Germany party (AFD)…
Ukraine faces tougher terms in new US minerals proposal – media
Washington reportedly seeks 100% ownership of an intended $500 billion fund based on the Kiev’s natural resources The Trump administration has presented Ukraine with a revised draft agreement demanding full US ownership…
The Collapse Of The Zelensky Cult
The Collapse Of The Zelensky Cult Authored by Jeff Carlson & Hans Mahncke via Truth Over News, At long last, someone has said it. Trump has finally called it like it is—Zelensky…
MSNBC Cancels Far-Left-Crazed Host Joy Reid As Woke Implosion Accelerates
MSNBC Cancels Far-Left-Crazed Host Joy Reid As Woke Implosion Accelerates A major shake-up is underway at MSNBC as the network’s new president has canceled far-left prime-time host Joy Reid’s show, “The ReidOut,”…
Israel delays Palestinian prisoner release over ‘humiliating’ hostage ceremonies
West Jerusalem has accused Hamas of parading the detainees in front of crowds for propaganda purposes Israel has postponed the release of more than 600 Palestinian prisoners, accusing Hamas of conducting ‘humiliating’…
Margin Balances Suggests Risks Are Building
Margin Balances Suggests Risks Are Building Authored by Lance Roberts via RealInvestmentAdvice.com, New Coronavirus Discovery Shakes Markets Last week, we discussed that continued bullish exuberance and high levels of complacency can quickly turn…
Expect Gold To Shine In 2025
Expect Gold To Shine In 2025 Authored by Michael Wilkerson via The Epoch Times, This year has started off with a golden hue. Gold and silver have been among the best-performing asset…
Zelensky warns Ukraine won’t pay debt to US
The Ukrainian leader has dismissed President Trump’s demand for $350 billion, insisting that Kiev received $100 billion as a grant Ukrainian leader Vladimir Zelensky has said his country will not repay the…
Ukrainian city honors Nazi collaborator who applauded Holocaust
Authorities in Rivne celebrated the 120th birthday of Ulas Samchuk who called for the elimination of “Jewish chimpanzees” and Poles during WWII The Ukrainian city of Rivne has celebrated the 120th birthday…
Zelensky says he is ready to resign
Ukraine’s leader said that he is ready to step down if it means end of the conflict with Russia Ukraine’s Vladimir Zelensky has stated that he is willing to step down for…
Prof. Schlevogt’s Compass No. 12: Man is an incurable gambler by nature – how liberals spur social sores
Americans wagered $1.4bn on the Super Bowl 2025 alone, but liberals cunningly whitewash such excesses. Part 2 of a series on U.S. gambling. According to an English proverb, the best throw of…
Ukraine rejects $500bn US compensation demand — Bloomberg
Kiev reportedly believes Washington’s figure is far too high Ukraine has pushed back on the proposed establishment of a $500 billion fund which would reimburse the US for its aid in exchange…
WATCH Putin award Russian soldier from viral hand-to-hand combat video
Junior Sergeant Andrey Grigoryev defeated a Ukrainian soldier in a brutal knife fight last autumn Russian President Vladimir Putin has awarded Junior Sergeant Andrey Grigoryev a Gold Star medal after he prevailed…
Commercial Flights Diverted After CCP Warships Begin Surprise Live-Fire Exercise Near Australia
Commercial Flights Diverted After CCP Warships Begin Surprise Live-Fire Exercise Near Australia Authored by Rex Widerstrom and Daniel Y. Teng via The Epoch Times (emphasis ours), Commercial flight paths between Australia and…
US Border Czar: “We’re Going To Wipe Drug Cartels Off The Face Of Earth”
US Border Czar: “We’re Going To Wipe Drug Cartels Off The Face Of Earth” US Border Czar Tom Homan told Fox News’ Jesse Watters that President Donald Trump intends to dismantle the…
Trump Admin Goes To War With Zelensky & Europe In UN Resolution Showdown
Trump Admin Goes To War With Zelensky & Europe In UN Resolution Showdown As the war of words between the Trump and Zelensky administrations has grown, so has a diplomatic war and…
Britain’s working class will never fight Starmer’s war for Ukraine
The UK prime minister is mulling sending troops to Ukraine – but his ignored and alienated citizens won’t follow Following the Munich Security Conference last week, European Union leaders appeared shell-shocked by…
Chinese researchers find new bat-to-human coronavirus
The study was led by an expert from the Wuhan Institute known as “batwoman” A Chinese research team has discovered a new bat coronavirus which uses the same receptor as Covid-19 to…
Trump Is Unlikely To Pull All US Troops Out Of Central Europe Or Abandon NATO’s Article 5
Trump Is Unlikely To Pull All US Troops Out Of Central Europe Or Abandon NATO’s Article 5 Authored by Andrew Korybko via substack, Germany’s Bild cited unnamed members of Western security services to sensationally…
UK and France plan to send 30,000 ‘peacekeepers’ to Ukraine – WSJ
Moscow has warned that the West could occupy the country after deploying troops Britain and France are drafting a plan to deploy up to 30,000 “peacekeepers” in Ukraine, depending on whether Moscow…
‘Loathsome heirs of fascism will face inevitable retribution’: Medvedev’s resolute call for Russia’s future
The former president has marked Defender of the Fatherland Day by honoring heroes and denouncing neo-Nazism in Ukraine February 23 isn’t just another day – it symbolizes our collective memory, glory, and pride,…
White House teases Ukraine deal ‘this week’
The US believes that Russia wants to sign an agreement to end the conflict, Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt has said US President Donald Trump is optimistic that a peace agreement to end…
February 23rd – 2025 Presidential Politics – Trump Administration Day 35
In an effort to keep the Daily Open Thread a little more open topic we are going to start a new daily thread for “Presidential Politics”. Please use this thread to post…
Sunday February 23rd – Open Thread
Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed be thy Name. Thy kingdom come. THY WILL BE DONE, on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread. And…
Bovard: Can Kennedy Save Kids From Psychiatric Ravage?
Bovard: Can Kennedy Save Kids From Psychiatric Ravage? Submitted by Jim Bovard President Trump issued an executive order last week creating a Make America Healthy Again Commission, to be chaired by Health and Human…
AP sues White House staff over access restrictions
The news agency has been barred from attending certain events following the ‘Gulf of America’ dispute The Associated Press, one of the world’s oldest news agencies, has filed a lawsuit against three…
It All Comes Down To Accounting
It All Comes Down To Accounting Authored by Jeffrey Tucker via The Epoch Times, There are two portals of money in every institution: money coming in and money going out. Keeping track…
How Many Federal Government Workers Has Trump Fired So Far?
How Many Federal Government Workers Has Trump Fired So Far? The first month of Donald Trump’s second term has been a hurricane of activity, with Elon Musk’s DOGE pursuing a scorched earth…
Efforts To Arrange Trump–Putin Meeting Underway, Moscow Says
Efforts To Arrange Trump–Putin Meeting Underway, Moscow Says Authored by Ryan Morgan via The Epoch Times, Moscow is working to arrange a face-to-face meeting between Russian President Vladimir Putin and U.S. President…
Federal Judge Rules In Favor Of Trump Government Layoffs
Federal Judge Rules In Favor Of Trump Government Layoffs Authored by Eric Lendrum via American Greatness, On Thursday, a federal judge ruled that the Trump Administration can proceed with plans to carry…
Trump calls Trudeau ‘a loser’
The outgoing prime minister has ruined his country with “Marxist policies,” the US president claimed Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau is “a loser” who is ruining the country with radical left policies,…